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 The Sabaean Kingdom came into existence from at least the eleventh century BC.[4] There were four major kingdoms or tribal confederations in South Arabia: Saba, Hadramout, Qataban and Ma'in. Saba is believed to be biblical Sheba and was the most prominent federation.[5] The Sabaean rulers adopted the title Mukarrib generally thought to mean "unifier",[6] or a "priest-king".[7] The role of the Mukarrib was to bring the various tribes under the kingdom and preside over them all.[8] The Sabaens built the Great Dam of Marib around 940 BCE.[9] The dam was built to withstand the seasonal flash floods surging down the valley. 

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