scar-face!!!!
Abraha was reported to have led his army of 100,000 men with hundreds of
elephants to successfully crush all resistance of the Yemeni army and
then, following the suicide of Dhu Nuwas, seized power and established
himself at Sana‘a.
He aroused the wrath of Kaléb, however, by withholding tribute who then
sent his general 'Ariat to take over the governorship of Yemen. 'Abraha
rid himself of the latter by a subterfuge in a duel resulting in 'Ariat
being killed and 'Abraha suffering the injury which earned him the
sobriquet of al-Asräm, "scar-face."[6]
There were recurrences of the plague in Syria–Palestine about every decade between 688/89 and 744/45. [35] "The Umaiyad [sic] dynasty was literally plagued by this disease ", in the words of Dols. [36] The deaths of the Umayyad caliphs Mu'awiya II ( r . 683–684 ), Marwan I ( r . 684–685 ), Abd al-Malik ( r . 685–705 ), Sulayman ( r . 715–717 ) and the Umayyad governors in Iraq al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba ( r . 661–671 ) and Ziyad ibn Abihi ( r . 685–673 ) may all possibly have been caused by the plague epidemics in Syria and Iraq. [37] [21] The caliphs routinely withdrew from the cities to their desert palaces when the plague emerged during the summer months. [36] Notable among them was Caliph Hisham ( r . 724–743 ), who preferred his palace at Rusafa over Damascus because he viewed the latter to be unhealthy. [38]
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